Effects of global warming on Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Nature-based tourism is the fastest growing sector where the natural setting is the most critical in determining quality tourism product. Hence when climate change affects the natural setting of the mountains like the loss of glaciers, diminishing flora and fauna and forest landscapes, not only does the quality of tourism product become deteriorated, it affects the local economy as well. Popular parks in Canada and North America are located in the mountainous regions and tourism is at its peak in the summer months. It is interesting to note that summer tourist season would increase dramatically due to global warming. As temperature rises in these areas visitation would increase especially in areas like the Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP). This would, in turn, lead to an increase of 6-10% in economic output and 7-13% increase in local jobs. Global warming and increase in temperatures in these areas would cause species reorganization and impact the biodiversity. At the same time-f requency of avalanche would increase which would pose higher risks to those involved in recreation like skiing, snowmobiling, and mountaineering. Change in climate is expected to affect recreation in three ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of global warming on Recreation, Parks, and Tourism or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Summers would be longer and winters shorter which would affect the availability of longer recreational periods. Changes in climate may affect the overall comfort and enjoyment of outdoor activities. The ecological system of the area is altered which ultimately impacts the recreation experience. A contingent behavior analysis under hypothetical conditions was done to determine the impact of climate change in visitation to RMNP. The results revealed that certain areas of tourism would gain while others would be adversely affected. While skiing, camping, and wildlife would reduce, fishing and boating would increase along with beach and golf tourism. Overall the climate change would lead to positive impact on visitation levels as the summer season would be prolonged.

The Lord Of The Ring - 841 Words

The Lord of the Ring J.R.R Tolkien Setting the western, middle, and southern region of Middle earth in the third age Character Frodo - a Hobbit with the one ring and has to take it into the land of Mordor and throw it into Mount Doom Sam - a Hobbit who is Frodo’s best friend who helps Frodo on his journey and come with him to the end Peregrin Took - a Hobbit call Pippin, who is Frodo’s friend and he helps Frodo on his journey Merry - a Hobbit who is Frodo’s friend and he helps Frodo on his journey Gandalf the GrayWhite - a wise gray wizard who helps Frodo on his journey and die in Moria and then he turns into a white wizard and gets stronger. Legolas - an elf who helps Frodo on his journey Gimli - a dwarf who helps Frodo on his journey Aragorn - the heir to Gondor s throne who helps Frodo on his Boromir - The stewards son who helps Frodo on his journey Journey who is killed Bilbo - Frodo’s uncle Elrond - an elf who helps Frodo Galadriel - The queen of Lothlorien Chelaborn - The king of Lothlorien Arwen - Aragorn s girl friend Hardir - The leader of the Galadhrim Faramir - The stewards son who helps Frodo on his journey Beregond - Pippin’s friend Imrahil - The prince of Dol Amroth Denethor - The steward Halbarad - The flag bearer of the Gray Company Theoden - The king of Rohan Eomer - The Third Marshal of the Mark Eowyn - Theoden’s daughter Sauron - The dark Lord Saruman - Leader of the White Council Wormtongue - Saruman’s assistant Gollum - a deformed hobbitShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Of The Rings1648 Words   |  7 Pagesand religious truth (or error), but not explicit, not in the known form of the primary real world.† As The Lord Of The Rings is, by Tolkien’s definition, a fairy-story, it would be correct to assume that it, too, contains â€Å"elements of moral and religious truth.† However, many who read Lord Of The Rings dispute the trilogy’s religious content. Tolkien states, The Lord Of The Rings is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work†¦ That is why I have not put in, or have cut out, practicallyRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord Of The Rings The story began as a consequence to Tolkien s 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually improved into a much larger employment. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is the second pick-selling surprising ever written, with over 150 million carbon copy sold. The Lord of the Rings is an epopoeia exalted-imagination recent written by English subcreator J. The toil was initially intended by Tolkien to be one roll of a two-volume put, the other toRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1383 Words   |  6 PagesSome stories can affect people emotionally, but once in a while a story can call a person to escape to it. The Lord of the Rings is an enchanting story with masterful use of setting and sensational characters that engages readers and can move them to experience life in a deeper way. As a child J.R.R. Tolkien lived in Africa until his father passed away. Then his mother moved them to England. Mrs. Tolkien made certain that her children learned literature and languages. It was probably due somewhatRead MoreThe Lord Of The Ring1455 Words   |  6 PagesTom Bombadil placed the magic ring on his finger; everyone waited for him to disappear, but nothing happened, and he handed the ring back to Frodo without a slight hesitation. Frodo offered Galadriel the ring and she grew into a horrible creature towering over Frodo, but fought the ringâ€⠄¢s strong temptation, and finally decreasing back to her normal self and declined the powerful ring. Both Tom and Galadriel, in The Lord of the Ring, portray Tolkien’s respect for nature and strong spirituality, becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1549 Words   |  7 PagesDarkness extended over all of Middle-Earth like a veil during the time of war. New laws were enforced and the citizens’ freedom was taken away. Frodo’s magic ring represents the unsustainability of the environment, and the characters of Middle-Earth. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses the magic ring to reflect the politics of sustainability, by drawing from his own life experiences. Two philosophers, Scruton and Hart write their recipes for sustainability. Scruton believes that finding the rightRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1469 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor of The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre, defined fantasy as â€Å"the creation of a moment of hesitation betw een two worlds†(qtd. Kelly, Course Introduction 2). This description of the genre compliments J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord Of The Rings trilogy due to the author’s use of sub-creation to construct his alternate world. Tolkien believed that the way to create a believable, all-encompassing world was to combine fragments of reality, or the â€Å"primary world†, together to constructRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1698 Words   |  7 Pagesaudiences. Both of these have had a profound effect on the world, whether it be through changing a way of life or just by making time pass for a few hours. Certain books and movies have played great roles in the world and had many influences. The Lord of the Rings has had a massively positive effect on both literature and film. Its creation has led to many positives and in doing so has become one of the most influential stories ever created. It has also led to some major impacts outside of literature andRead MoreThe Lord Of The R ings999 Words   |  4 Pagesby J.R.R. Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings, where the ultimate power source created contains enough power that the master of the Ring becomes in turn the master of Middle Earth, and absolute power follows in accordance to absolute corruption of he who possesses it. Many a man and creature wields the Ring, falling to the temptation of its power and the poison of its possession, bringing about death and evil life to the masters of the Ring.In Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, the wizard Gandalf renouncesRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe darkness that had extended over Middle-Earth, lifted like a veil the moment the magic ring was destroyed. New laws were enforced and the citizens’ freedom was taken away. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses the magic ring to reflect the politics of sustainability, therefore exploring the hardships of an unsustainable community. Frodo’s magic ring represents the ruthless act ions of the creatures of Middle-Earth. Two philosophers, Scruton and Hart write their recipes for sustainability. ScrutonRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring takes place in a fantasy world called Middle Earth. In which, a young human-like creature called a hobbit named Frodo Baggins, played by Elijah Wood, enjoys his peaceful life, but yearns for adventure like his infamous uncle Bilbo Baggins. Wood is caught up in an ancient war between good and evil. In this war, Wood is required to encumber a great burden in order to permanently conquer evil. Originally released on December 2001, The Lord of the Rings:

Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay Free Essays

Hello, I am here today to talk to you about the Michigan Motorcycle Helmet Law. -This law permits anyone that is 21 years of age or older that has at least 20,000 dollars in heath insurance and has passed a safety course in the past 2 years to ride a motorcycle without a helmet. I am also here to persuade you that this law doesn’t have a person’s safety as the top priority. We will write a custom essay sample on Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just recently I have witnessed a motorcycle crash happen right before my eyes. My stepmother was taking a turn at only 30 mph when she locked up her breaks and crashed over the handle bars. She has been in the hospital for a little over two weeks and it is a miracle that she is in the condition that she is in, recovering from a skull fracture and bruising on the brain, She has been riding for twelve years, no other vehicles were involved, and she was wearing a helmet, if she was not wearing her helmet, I know that we wouldn’t have her with us anymore. We were hoping she would be home for the forth of July, but the medical staff still haven’t given us a go home date as of today. Studies from the National Highway administration in 2008 showed that motorcyclists who do not use helmets are three times more likely to suffer a disturbing brain injury in a crash than those who are wearing helmets. The regulations to this law are also very insufficient. 21 years of age is when adults are just allowed to start drinking. Many people that turn 21 haven’t quite learned yet how to handle alcohol or how much is too much when it comes to drinking and driving, or in this case drinking and riding. Also 20,000 dollars worth of health insurance is not nearly enough to cover medical bills caused by accidents with a helmet, let alone to be able to cover the costs of the injuries sustained without a helmet, I can’t help but think this is going to raise everyone’s insurance premiums eventually. Even if you still think not wearing a helmet is cool, take a minute to think of this, the only way for over worked understaffed police have to check if you have the proper health insurance coverage is to pull you over, this gives the police probable cause, which in turn takes up your time and the cops time. With this law in effect, death rates and injury rates have skyrocketed up to a new high. The Michigan helmet law is more about ‘freedom’ than about safety. If you want to feel the wind in your hair stand in front of a fan. If you want to get home safe wear a helmet. All in all the Michigan Motorcycle Helmet Law has caused far more bad than good. In the end, I hope that what I have told you today will persuade you to tell a friend, family member, stranger, or even to tell yourself that it is far safer to wear a helmet, than it is to go without one. Please think twice before you decide to ride without a helmet. Guarino, M. (2012, April 13). How to cite Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay, Essays

Nursing The High Quality Health Care

Question: Discuss about the Nursing for The High Quality Health Care? Answer: The present assignment defines the safe level of staffing and gives an explanation of the reason staffing level comes up as an issue. The assignment also puts up a discussion on the extent to which the concerned organisations and government are successful in handling the matter of staffing levels. It also has a focus on the belief in the National Health Service (NHS) and further takes into account the policy delivered by other institutions. Nurses' role in developing and formulating polices and their impact on the safety of patients is also discussed. In the end, policy evaluation is undertaken along with the analysis of Francis report and the influence on patients as a result of policy implementation. Safe staffing level refers to the practice where the level is sufficient for handling the environment of huge health burden, and patients are delivered care by certified nurses. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council appropriate staffing level is required for the best possible health care services. The importance of safe staffing lies in that it has the potential of making an impact on the safety of the patients as nursing staffing gives care for these people in a suitable manner. Insufficient staffing has, therefore, a negative impact on patient (RCN, 2010). As per the Francis Report, failure recorded in Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust can be attributed to chronic nursing staffing shortage, having a negative influence on the care delivered to the patients admitted to the health care setting. Griffiths (2014) emphasised that ensuring the presence of adequate staffing in health care settings has a direct effect on the reduction of medication and medical errors, a decrea se of falls, mortality rate, infections and increase of patient satisfaction. This is in alignment with what the American Nurses Association (2014) states in this relation. According to the association, the decrease in nurse fatigue, improvement of nurse retention, the decrease in nurse burnout, enhancement of job satisfaction are all related to the prevalence of sufficient nursing staffing. In the context of all the discussion above, the problem of insufficient nursing staffing was addressed by the government to construct policies like the NICE guidelines (2014), Hard Truths (2014) and the Berwick Keogh (2013). All these made a desirable response to the Francis Report Enquiry on the poor quality of care delivered at the Mid Staffs and hed out a helping hand for tackling the issue of staffing levels for improving provisions of healthcare (Department of Health, 2013). Buse et als (2012) states that Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is a policy driver that had the aim of providing a strong and supportive framework in order to fulfil the targets of productivity and achieve efficiency for intended improvement of care quality and reduction of health costs in a suitable manner (Royal College of Nursing, 2013). Moreover, the report from RCN (2013) provides support to the recommendations regarding improvement of nursing staffing levels by responding to 290 Robert Francis recommendations and mentioning that a separate sector must be present for ensuring that no such failures are repeated in the future like the incidence of Mid Staffordshire (Royal College of Nursing, 2013). RCN (2013) adds to the subject by suggesting that the NHS must out the focus on care that is solely patient-centered. The burden of having a promising health cares service is therefore on the NHS employers for giving nursing staff the suitable support, resources and time or delivering the care worth mentioning with good ambition. On the contrary to Francis Report, 2013, David Cameron, the Prime Minister consulted a lead healthcare expert Professor Don Berwick to look into the matter of enlisting out the needs of the health care system that would reduce the harm to the patients to zero (NHS Employers, 2013). It was emphasised that NHS must take an initiative for making health care more safe to the patients and enabling a culture oriented care system that has full dedication on carrying out learning and improvement and strives in a continuous manner to reduce harm made to the patients that can be easily avoided. This was contradicted by RCN (2012) and Thungjaroenkul (2007) who said tha t there are instances of failures showed by NHS where the patients were not given safe care practices due to the fact that a minority of the NHS organisations could not be financially sustainable and, therefore, had to compromise on nursing staffing. The result was unsafe care quality and insufficient provisions of health care. Keogh (2013) mentioned that the NHS Director had the responsibility of giving justifications for the failings of the 14 trusts in England accountable for around 13000 additional deaths in the last ten years. As per the report of the The Sunday Telegraph (2007), a section of the patients having access to NHS are no longer having the faith they used to have on NHS and are choosing to go abroad for health care services. The reason for discriminating out NHS is long waiting lists and increased risk of infection. However, people not being able to afford to travel abroad for health care or not willing to do so remain on the long waiting list of the NHS in the United Kingdom. Jeremy Hunt, the Health Secretary, has ordered tightening up on NHS spending as an initiative to control the finances in order to reduce wastage. He was recorded stating that cut down of costs can be achieved by not recruiting agency staff while bringing improvements in frontline patient care. This step ensures to spiral down the staff bill that has the costing of 3.3 billion pounds per year. Moreover, new rules will make sure that agencies not present on the authorised framework are not used and will control the total spe nding for each trust functioning under NHS in cases of financial difficulties (DH, 2015 Kleebauer, 2015). In addition, the functioning of agency staff has witnessed rise to 3.3 billion pounds from a mere 1.8 billion pounds in three years in order to help out in nursing staffing. This drives the government to bring changes in the recruitment of the hospitals by recruiting more permanent staffs on the basis that there are evidence on better staffing refining the patient care (DH, 2015 Kleebauer, 2015). The main priority of the formulation of policies in the Francis Report was laid upon working together with the aim of ensuring that patients are kept first in the priority list while taking any decisions in professional conduct. Jeremy Hunt from Hard Truths' supports that patient must come before all other aspects taken up by NHS professionals. This takes into account staffs, patients, their families, carers, professionals and communities outside and inside the NHS. Needs of the patients and the community also comes before the boundaries of the health care organisation (Department of Health, 2014). On the contrary, Thungjaroenkul et al. (2007) reports that nine out of ten health care settings are not succeeding in meeting the set targets of delivering safe levels of patient care by nurses, the reason accountable to nursing. The author also reports that nurses are under immense pressure for caring for their patients in various adverse situations that have a negative impact on the overall care. It implies that increase in a number of nurses increases the satisfaction of the patients that can conversely translate to imply that decrease in nurse number reduces patient satisfaction. In matters of patient care, the Francis Inquiry recommends that NHS must take initiatives for improving care. It also states that the case of Mid Staffordshire was a result of insufficient staffing leading to patient negligence, falls, high rate of mortality. The guidelines put forward by National Institute of Health NICE (2014) has a section on the significance of safe staffing in wards with the aim of ensuring that all get the care they are worthy of. It is mentioned in the guideline that there is no particular ratio of nurses and patient that is applicable to the health care setting across the globe. This implies that each unit must address the safety of the patients by determining the requirements of the patients. Keogh (2014) agrees that patient safety is breached when there are insufficient nursing staffing and improper training of the professionals to deliver care. Nurses must not be considered as archetypical leaders (George et al 2014). However, they are pivotal in the health care delivery. This draws a conclusion that nurses must be given constant support and encouragement to have a major role in bringing about clinical innovation and changes. Nurses experiencing the greater extent of empowerments have more chances of engaging in the innovative behaviour (DH, 2008). The Productive Ward (PW) programme is a strategy put in place for empowering nurses with information and skills for governing care (NHSI, 2011; White et al. 2014). The module-based program is for enabling nursing staff to give more time to direct patient care by bringing improvements in processes and environment. This is in congruency with enhancing staff and developing the quality of care (Armitage et al. 2011, Lennard, 2012). For fulfilling the aim, the program requires to meet the QIPP challenge and align the interventions with clinically driven decisions (DH, 2008). Safe Staffing Alliance has stated that ration of nurses to the patient must be not more than one is to eight in order to maintain the safe level. This is the minimum acceptable level as nurses taking care of more than eight patients at a time increases risk of death and unsafe incidences (Safe Staffing Alliance, 2013; Hughes, 2014). Gregory (2013) and Patterson (2011) reported that nurses were working in settings where there is a nursing shortage suffer from job dissatisfaction and has high patient caseloads and experience more burnout. Moreover, nurse disillusion leads to compromise in values and standards. Both Keogh (2013) and Patterson (2011) concluded that nursing staffing shortfall makes it tough for professionals to practice excellent care delivery. Keogh (2013) agreed with the above writer and elaborated that understaffing leads to a decline of presentism, thereby leaving few staff ready to work. This results in pressure on the nurses and they are forced to leave the jobs tha t lead to their exhaustion and burnout. The valuable experience they have are lost from the system, and this results in a skill gap that is difficult to fulfil. Service impairment is the ultimate result. Unison (2013) gives an opinion in this regard that effective skill mix has a pivotal role in addition to safe levels of staffing. Thus, health care organisations must have the suitable balance of nursing staff for proper care delivery (Unison, 2013). Improper staffing within the NHS has a deep impact on the safety of patients as complexities of nursing staffing is the main factor. Eleven hospitals were taken under consideration for special measures since most of them failed to deliver patient care and Jeremy Hunt, the Health Secretary, said that after the analysis of the 14 trusts, high death were reported. The problems entrenched in the health care system and gave rise to tough actions being taken up. The problems identified by Jeremy encompassed the fact that patients are constantly being neglected due to poor leadership and staffing issues (Tingle, 2013; Keogh, 2014). It was supported by Tingle (2013) and Keogh (2014) reporting on a nation wide Unison survey undertaken on 3000 nurses that 65% nurses think patient care is being neglected as the result of the situation where nurses do not get adequate time to take care of a patient. This lack of time was confirmed from the same study when 45% of the participants stated that they had to give care to more than eight patients at a time in spite of the recommendation to have a nurse and patient ratio of 1:4. The response of Unison was that they had the knowledge about nurses feeling the priority of minimum staffing and felt that the aspect is fundamental to care quality and patient safety. It also emphasised that it aims to ensure nurses have the opportunity to deliver compassionate and safe care to the best of their ability and contribute to care provision that is valued by all (Unison 2015). The Francis Report (2013) has being empowering nurses to react when they are facing issues in nursing staffing. If such reports are not made, there are risks of having poor quality care and the result might be high mortality rate. Nurses, in any case, want to deliver best possible care and want others to do the same too. However, there lies a concern that nurses are speaking out their views may be harried and face bullying. The Guardian highlighted that a section of the staff raise concerns about the unsafe level of staffing but actions were nor taken up. The Francis report identified that safe staffing issues are addressed by the government and they are trying to ensure that issues are sorted out fast so that reduction of patient harm can be reduced (Campbell, 2013). NICE (2014) put forward new guidelines and in that it has stated that patients have the right to receive the best possible care regardless of the day time, week and type of clinical need. Ford (2014) and Keogh (2014) highlighted that there is a necessity to have red flag' events. A red flag means that a system for management of critical staffing levels is initiated. Definition of such events can be put in place locally. However, there would be setbacks like users of services not allocated with significant aspects of supervision. The red flags would highlight the presence of danger in the wards in relation to insufficient staffing. Nurses would be alerted to take actions and ensure that care is not compromised. Moreover, the red flags help in ensuring that efficient and safe levels of staffing are present for rendering services. This response on patient care comes as the aftermath of Mid Staff scandal (Nice, 2014; Hughes, 2014). Unison (2013) states that measures are to be taken for introducing patient safety measures. This is a paramount aspect in health care settings. This brings the need of staffs in the healthcare setting to flag up situations they feel are danger for patient safety, and the organisations must provide constant support to these staffs. This can be done by forcing them to maintain good guidelines for practice and lead to maintenance of quality services. However, the nurses may be forced to cut corners. For example, nurses under pressure and having no time to record patient information in a correct manner can give the delegate tasks to other nurses who have the proper training (Unison, 2015). Unison (2015) expected that the results of 2015 survey would be more positive and have more significant improvements since the government claims that it has brought the increase in nursing numbers as per the guidance of safe staffing levels of NICE. The Francis Report and Berwick recommendations state to improve staffing levels. However, when Unison puts forward a comparison fo the surveys of the previous years, it is evident that no improvements have been made in relation to safe staffing as many nurses till continue to care for more than eight patients at a time. This leads to harm to the patients. Unison, therefore, states that it wants staffing levels to be improved and minimum patient to nurse ration to be identified. There is also the necessity to have red flag events raised by the nurses as per the NICE guidelines. This also puts forward the need of reviewing the guidelines of NICE. This review would assess the compliance with effectiveness and recommendations of red flag even ts (Unison, 2015). The Royal College of Nursing has been accepting a number of suggestions in the Francis Report. The reaction of the government is that developments are to be made for improving staffing levels by the strengthening the staff planning and regulatory processes. The development of appliances and staffing-level standards is a chance to ensure that evidence-based practice is undertaken. The CQC's standards are to be abided by in this regard, and this would manage the health care system. Moreover, this must have a clear picture of both the public and the contributors on what the scenario of staffing levels are, skill mix and patient and nurse ratio. The RCN puts composition of many personal organising resources in a strong position that aids in the invention of the nursing appliances (RCN, 2013). As per the policy statement, the foundation for bringing changes has been kept along the recommendations of Robert Francis. The observations of the CQC would be established on a more simple position, and this brings the necessity to take up durable actions to address inadequate staffing level and reduction in quality of care (Tinlge, 2013). Moreover, the CQC observations would make an appeal to the providers and would consolidate the basic qualities that will be prosecutable and will reflect the vital requirements of a central quality service. In conclusion, the present writing is an attempt to explore policy drivers and influence of nursing staffing levels on care quality within the NHS. It has established the facts that negative influence is associated with improper staffing levels on the experiences of the patient and nurses. In relation with impact on patient care, it has been shown that nurses have a tendency to work under pressure because of having to take care of eight patients at a time. Insufficient staffing levels lead to stressed nurses, burnouts, medication errors, high staff turnover and loss of interest. In relation to patient safety, it has been stated that inadequate staffing levels result in negligence of patients and poor quality of care. Such incidences of patient care are evidenced by the scandal of Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust identified by the Francis Report (2013). The report drove the government to set out policies for staffing levels. The care given to Mid Staffordshire was not up to the standard, and it led to high mortality rate, pressure scores, falls and infections. As mentioned that policies have been ensuring patient care, productive methods are to be used for empowering the nurses. The assignment also states that patient has lost faith in the NHS. The government needs to ensure that staffing levels are maintained in all NHS hospitals for delivering the high quality health care.

Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay Essay Example

Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay Essay Montrosity is a key in Frankenstein. and it affects both the Creature and Victor. whilst at the same clip. Shelley argues that society is monstrous through unfairnesss of the clip and the societal conventions. Frankenstein could be said to be the monster himself- when he says â€Å"miserable monster† whom â€Å"I had created† . we see Shelley implicitly suggest. through the alliterative phrase. that merely as â€Å"Adam was created in God’s image† so excessively was the Creature born in the image of Victor. Furthermore. the thought that Frankenstein is himself the monster is reinforced by â€Å"or instead cell† . â€Å"Cell† refers to a prison cell. and is used symbolically to stand for the thought that merely like a cell is for felons. who perform Acts of the Apostless of monstrousity. so to is Frankenstein the â€Å"criminal† perpetrating an act of â€Å"monstrosity† . On the other manus. we could reason that it was non so muc h the act of creative activity that was monstrous. but instead Frankenstein’s reaction. By composing â€Å"I ran out of the room† we see Victor execute the ultimate rejection. and hence. eschewing the responsibilty that exists in the double star between â€Å"Parent† and â€Å"Child†- as John McRae argued. We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is interesting to observe that Frankenstein rejects the monster because of an unconditioned selfishness- â€Å"the beauty of the dream vanished† implies that Frankenstein’s physical construct does non equal that of his mental construct. and that because Frankenstein’s program are in confusion. his rational scientific methods- â€Å"I selected†¦in proportion† show this- are replaced by emotional responses ; which for him. is territory unknown- in the same manner Walton seeks to â€Å"ascertain the secrets† or how the Animal wants to understand human behavior at the De Lacy’s. Therefore. we see a connexion between Victor and the Creature- whom he describes as â€Å"miserbale monster† . Furthermore. the fact that Frankenstein can merely react to the Creature’s birth in empirical. scientific observations- â€Å"pearly white dentitions. dull eyes†- constrasts with Elizabeth’s response to William’s death- â€Å"O I have murdered my child† . By portraying Elizabeth in a positive light- she forms an emotional response. which juxtaposes with the unfertile feelings of Frankenstein at the construct of the Creatue. Shelley implies that adult females present a greater grade of humanity- and therefore criticises the male dominated society on education- whilst they may read â€Å"Shakespeare† and â€Å"Agrippa† . adult females will be worldly-wise. ( no uncertainty influence by her feminist female parent ) and that they are necessary to forestall freaks. This thought of the female function is reinforced by the fact that as the novel progresses. the adult females are easy being removed- first his Mother. so Justine and so Elizabeth- â€Å"I saw Elizabeth†¦held the cadaver of my dead mother† . This presents Frankenstein’s mental degregation and finally. the ctalyst for the mosntrous act- so Shelley presents the thought of a duality between adult male and women- Darwin supported this by proposing the hierachy of reproducion- adult male and adult female is better than adult male entirely. However. it could besides be argued that Frankenstein’s scenes augment his monstrousity- we see a sense of isolation- â€Å"solitude† is repeated. connoting that by enforcing self-exile. Frankenstein detaches himself from society and its regulations and that he has become an â€Å"outsider† ( McCrae ) much as the monstrousity that Victor calls the Creature. is besides an foreigner. Indeed the connexion between the two is best examined by the Shelley usage of the mountain-top- â€Å"Chamonuix. where I saw him†- which alludes to the thought of the Creator and Creation meeting ( Hayward ) . both as equal. with both. arguably as montrous. Victor for abondoning the Creature. and the Creature ( for Victor ) a representation fo his failure. By utilizing â€Å"Solitude and â€Å" Filthy Workshop of Creation† . Shelley implies that this isolation leads to ideas of monstrousity- Godwin influecned her argiung it â€Å"was a nusery of madmen† . This separation from society is symbolic excessively. If Geneva is â€Å"Eden† . so by widening against the bounds of knowledge-â€Å"if no adult male broke the rules† suggests no remorse- he cut himself off. much like Lucifer in Paradise Lost- and therefore. Shelley implies that this interior monster within Frankenstein and all of us. can merely be restrained by a balance- whether. male or female . or equal Torahs. The thought that the monstrousity is within Frankenstein ( and hence us ) is suggested by â€Å"wildness in his eyes†- he claims the Animal to be â€Å"wild† . but if the eyes are â€Å"windows to the sould† . Shelley suggests and unconditioned montrosity in him ( and us ) ; an â€Å"id† that is the animal desires. This contrasts the thought of the Monster’s â€Å"dull eyes†- which challenges the thought that the Creature is the monstrosity- this challenge is the ground why Shelley uses the Chinese Box Narrative- the assorted â€Å"narritve eyes† makes us explicate our ain opinion. In fact. the Moster. may be the most human of us all- he â€Å"imitates the physiognamy and manners† in the same manner that Justine did. yet both are treated below the belt. This thought of an unjust intervention alludes to Shelley’s belief that monstorusity exists in society- so whilst we can state it was Victor’s nature to be monstorus ( and that society placed bounds to forestall this ) . the nurturing of him within society is what leads to the freak arguably. In the instance of the Justine. the sarcasm is that she is treated â€Å"un-JUSTlY† reverse to her name- which possibly could be Shelley’s sly mention to her desire for female eqaulity ( influenced by Wollstencraft –the womens rightist motehr ) – a name is afforded to all. and Justine’s name contain’s justice- therefore. when she â€Å"is found guilty†- there is a trangression of nature. in the same manner that Frankenstein transgresses nature by making life. This presents the thought that society is excessively speedy to judge- merely as Frankenstein believes â€Å"seemingly to catch me† . Justine is rapidly found guilty- regardless of Elizabeth’s plea- no admiration Shelley nowadays s the jurisprudence in such a negative light- â€Å"judge†¦meddle in the dark side of human nature† . because it is flawed and makes roseola determinations. Therefore. we see Shelley see society as the monster. To reason. freak is pervades throughout the novel. impacting all characters and being influenced by puting and society. Yet. in the same manner that the Creature was Frankenstein’s creative activity. the novel coould be seen as her monster-shunned by contempories but exposing the reatiy of freak within us all.

Flowers for Algernon essays

Flowers for Algernon essays Do you remember seeing the mentally handicapped kids walking down the hall at school? What did you do when you saw them? Did you duck in a dark back hallway and try to avoid all contact with them? If you did then youre probably one of Charlie Gordons friends. Or so he would think. In the book Flowers For Algernon by Dave Keyes Charlie Gordon is a mentally retarded adult. He soon receives an operation that will triple his IQ. Book doesnt sound good? How about the movie Charly which tries to follow the same tragic plot line but , like many other book to movies doesnt quite fulfill the stories potential. The book Flowers For Algernon and the movie Charly have many differences. Even though Flowers For Algernon and Charly are along the same lines three main differences in Flowers For Algernon are that one Charlie wants a relationship with Miss Kinnian but does not act upon it aggressively. In the book he says We ( Charlie and Miss Kinnian) had dinner and a long walk. Also he says The thought of leaving her behind makes me sad. Im in love with Miss Kinnian Also, Charlie keeps a journal. He goes in-depth in his mind and his heart. We can physically see him getting smarter or dumber, because his spelling is so bad. I dont know why im dumb agen or what I did wrong maybe its because I dint try hard enuff. This is the example of his journals. Finally, Charlie works in a Plastic Box company. Ive quit my job with Dunnegans Plastic Box Company. These are some of the changes in Flowers For Algernon. Here are some differences in Charly. Charlies tries to get Miss Kinnian in a serious relationship even though she doesnt want one. Then later she does end up wanting one. We see this because in one part he tries to force him...

Serial killers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Serial killers - Essay Example This research essay will make an earnest attempt to find out what poignantly contributed to the onset of this intricate distorted personality and their violent demeanour which is far more many-sided. Introduction In the modern forensic psychology, serial murders appear to have assumed a pivotal place. According to Burgess, Douglas & Ressler (1983), a serial murder is one who has killed at least three or more victims with a cooling -off period in-between each murder. A serial killer does not have any past connection with the victim and murder seems to be random or unconnected. Further, the murder is mainly on the psychological background or for sex abuse and not for any monetary benefits. Serial killers’ victims will be adolescents, children, prostitutes and women. Dr.Harold Shipman, a serial killer, killed only elderly women who were his patients whereas young women are the choice for Ted Bundy. On the other hand, there was a female serial killer namely Alieen Wuornos who was a prostitute by profession who killed her male clients. Green River Killer practice was to kill the runaways and prostitutes. There are different motives attached to for the serial killing where some killers do the same for sexual pleasure ,some do it due to hatred, some do it for revenge , some do it because their intuition asked them to do it. (â€Å"Thomas, 2010, p.6†). ... and observed that their killings were done without any plan of action , a discovery that corresponds to the apparently random itinerary of spree killing. Casewell and Hollin (1994) defined serial killing as â€Å"many victims who are killed over the period of hours or days or weeks or months in diversified locations by a vagarious killer who seems to make no effort to escape detection. According to Fox and Levin (1998), multiple killings includes instances in which victims are killed either at over a short period of time (spree) or at once (mass) or over an elongated phase of time (serial) and hence, the time frame of serial killing has been detailed as either long or short duration that somewhere conforms to between serial killing and mass killing. (DeLisi et al, 2008, p40). Beauregard and Proulx (2002) examined the offending courses of 36 Canadian killers who were more often impelled by sexual sadism. According to Hazelwood and Warren (2000), sexually violent criminal killers are either ritualistic or impetuous in nature. They also found that impulsive killers are criminally primitive and mostly reactive in terms of crime scene demeanour and victim selection. Fox & Levin (1998) found that serial killers are those who kill their victim with their bare hands without the help or usage of any weapon or instrument. (DeLisi et al, 2008, p41). â€Å"Kinds of Serial Killers† There is no uniformity in defining a serial killer. This is mainly because due to the absence of typologies established to describe between kinds of serial murders. Based on analysis and interviews of more than 400 cases of serial killers, Holmes and De Burger (1988) have offered a complete definition of a serial killer. According to Wilson (2007), Holmes and De Burger, from their research study, they

One page summary the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page summary the attachment - Essay Example The team visits the program between September to December, while program is in session. The program evaluators then normally visit the campus on Monday and Tuesday. They conclude their visit my meeting the senior officials including the dean and give them a summary of the evaluation results. The institution can respond to errors, if any, on the evaluation information within a week which is then incorporated in the draft report that is provided to the institute. The institute is then given one month’s time to raise any objection or seek clarifications on the draft report. The final report is reviewed by the full commission at its annual meeting. The additional information deemed necessary by the committee members is then sought from the institution and considered by the commission before final decision. The final accreditation action is communicated to the institute by August

Discuss using named examples, the use of and applicability of Essay

Discuss using named examples, the use of and applicability of bio-indicator organisms in the environmental assessment of fres - Essay Example According to Durranti, a bio- indicator is defined as a plant or animal species whose presence or absence gives information on the state of a given environment (Chu, Chanb and Chow 2005). The Use and Applicability of Various Bio-Indicator Organisms in the Environmental Assessment of Freshwater and Marine Systems There exist several bio-indicators that have been applied to measure the health status of freshwater and marine environments. To begin with, Chin argues that by identifying the kind of animal species present in a given water body, biologists are able to analyze the quality of water in that water body (Chin 2006). For instance, the presence of many carnivore fish species might suggest a higher quality of water compared to a water body dominated primarily by omnivores. A healthy water body supports life for many micro-organisms that are predated upon by the carnivore fish. For many years, fish have been used to indicate the quality of water bodies. This has been accomplished th rough determining the kind of fish that live in a given water body, measuring alterations in fish species composition and species proportion (Jackson 2001). Changes in fish length and tropic level can as well be used in determining the health of aquatic environment. ... From the experiment, it was established that samples from the lake had a high number of comets and mainly in second and third classes. Thus the results suggested that Lake Igapo is an aquatic environment that was characterized by a high level of genotoxicity and other pollutants. In Izmir Bay of Mediterranean (in Western Turkey), fish are used to determine the level of water pollution in the sea (Gonenc 1999). Izmir is an industrial and commercial centre. The presence of metals such as lead and zinc in freshwater and marine environments can be indirectly measured using inorganic acids, such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid (Turner and Tessier1995). These acids are applied on intestinal specimens of different fish species. If the above metals are present, the acids react with the specimens to form oxides. Bonnan notes that some aquatic pollutants might remain active for many years and through several generations. Examples include mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds (Farris, J. et al 1993). Genotoxicity biomarkers can be applied in sentry organisms to enhance the identification and assessment of mutagenic hazards and their sources. One of the most suitable methods of identifying the response of organisms to such contaminants is by use of micronucleus (MN) test. This can be used as an index of the total genetic damage of cells during the lifespan of an organism. Fish and bivalves have been the main target for such experiments. Gill and haemocyte cells are the commonly used tissues. Due to rising carbon dioxide concentration s in the 21 century, the acidity of sea water has increased as well. Consequently, global temperatures have been driven up, including

What Is A Total Institution

What Is A Total Institution This paper will argue that the model of the total institution can offer insight into the workings of the Caribbean sugar plantation under slavery. In attempting to make this connection, it is essentially looking at the model in the light of the history of the sugar plantation, as well as looking at the history through the lens of the theory. And so it will argue that the model offers some insight, but that there are clear limits to its applicability. The theory of the total institution is a theory of relationships, not of the institution that contains them. Also the point is not to argue that the plantations were designed as total institutions, but that the total institution model contains widely applicable truths about the nature of human social organisations, and the place that individuals find in them, that explain particular aspects of the plantation. The one great difference between the plantation and the total institutions that inspired the development of the concept is that the purpose of plantations is profit, through the production of a commodity, while this is seldom the case with asylums and prisons; even if they are run for profit, their aim is to achieve control, not to produce anything by means of this control. What is a total institution? Total institution is a concept introduced by the sociologist Erving Goffman in his book Asylums: Essays on the Condition of the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates (1961) to describe an institution that functions by monopolising the reality of those inmates it seeks to control. There are two aspects of the concept that relate to the institution of the sugar plantation. The first concerns the way in which power is exercised to a degree that makes all those involved as inmates and supervisors bound to follow its dictates. The total institution is one which encompasses every aspect of its inmates relationship with the world, and controls them by controlling their understanding and their motivations. The other aspect of the total institution concerns the inmates themselves they internalise the rules and perspectives of the institution, and define themselves by their standards; essentially investing their identity in the role they are taught to play. Goffman argued that this was true of those with authority in the institution, as well as those whose behaviour and consciousness it was designed to shape. Perhaps the most important thing about this model, with respect to the sugar plantations, is that Goffman did not see the total institution as a narrowly defined tool, invented to control inmates, on the lines of Jeremy Benthams Panopticon (Smith, 2008). Rather, it is a natural outcome of the evolution of universal human and social realities within institutions which pursue their ends through a close control over the circumstances and behaviour of their inmates, because this control is effective. The power of the total institution The most powerful argument for the usefulness of the total institution model with respect to the sugar plantation is the way in which the plantation could function with such minimal physical control. Murrell (2000, 14) suggests that religion played a central role in achieving the domination that allowed slavery to persist. The complex and ambiguous role of religion in the culture of the plantation economies cannot be pursued here in any detail, but it seems fair to suggest that religion played the role that the therapeutic and normative discourse of psychology plays in Goffmans account of the asylum. A measure of the power of the slave plantation as a total institution, one which shaped the behaviour and understanding of its inmates, would be the longevity of the social relations it defined between people. The extent that plantation economies, along with the racial domination and colonial power that enabled them, survived after the abolition of slavery suggests the degree to which the social relations and identities defined during slavery had shaped the word-view of former slaves and their descendants. And slavery, in exercising virtually unlimited domination over people seen as naturally subordinate, imposed a model of family structure and gender relations on slaves which served the economic interests of their masters,(Wiltshire-Brodber, 2002) without respect for the innate desire which all people have for the closeness and security of a family. According to the total institution model, this would result in slaves embracing the roles defined for them, and internalising the identities that these roles define. And there is evidence of this effect in the way that gender relations in Caribbean societies, especially among the poorest sectors of society, continue to reflect patterns and identities that have their roots in the logic of the plantation. Matrilocal patterns of family structure and a strong belief in the value of female autonomy are combined with a strong patriarchal ideology (Momsen, 2002). Limits of the total institution model. While the total institution model can explain a great deal about the manner in which plantations functioned under slavery, there are limits to its applicability. These limits fall under two categories, which correspond, in a sense, the perspectives of those controlling, and those controlled by, the institution of the plantation. The first set of limits is illustrated by the many ways in which the total institution was subverted. The pattern of these subversive activities varied from island to island, and probably from plantation to plantation, included the survival of African religions, hidden or evolved into syncretic African-Christian forms such as sateria and used to define an identity distinct from that hypocritically imposed by western religious institutions, the persistence of secret practices, from planning for rebellion to distilling to informal patterns of domination and association, and the recourse to escape, at least on larger islands. Religion is interesting in that it so clearly plays an ambiguous role as an institution in the history of slavery. On the one hand, it contained elements that helped define a collective identity that subverted plantation authority. On the other hand, it was a source of comfort and control that made plantation life bearable and persuaded slaves not to rebel. It was partly an affirmation of African identity, partly a European lesson in being content with ones place. In the famous words of Karl Marx, religion was at the same time the expression of real distress and the protest against real distress.the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. (Marx, 1843/2002) Economics and the limits of the total institution The total institution is not generally an economic unit as well. It tends to exist as in the case of asylums, prisons, concentration camps in order to control the behaviour of those who are institutionalised. If it has an economy, in the narrow sense, it is an economy of efficient control, or exists to occupy people, like political prisoners; in a way that pays for the costs of the institution that imprisons them. The sugar plantation was an immensely profitable economic institution, however, and the economic models that evolved to produce sugar, the justifications for slavery and murderous racial oppression these entailed, and the social structures that emerged to make this violent form of slavery work, should all be seen in the light of the economic motivations they elected. It is tempting to imagine that slave societies did not obey a strict economic logic, in the same sense that capitalist societies do. Some historians (e.g. Genovese, 1989) have tried to make this point in order to define capitalisms distinctly rationalising, dehumanising and commodifying logic. But it seems clear that plantations were subject to economic logic. The difference in plantation models between those colonies most reliant on a steady arrival of new slaves, such as Haiti and those less so, illustrates that the economic exigencies defined by a particular form of productive activity are real and complex. The intensity of the exploitation that characterised Haiti is well established (Bellegarde-Smith, 1990). The economic limitations on the function of the plantation as a total institution are also, in a sense, the limits that the total institution model defines for the economic activities involved. Plantation economies were dedicated to making money, and they made a great deal of it for their plantation owners and their colonial rulers. They were for the most part seen as primitive and unpleasant places by those who made their immense fortunes there rather than societies with any redeeming, justifying values or institutions. An individual or institution dedicated to making money does not exercise more physical control than is necessary. Physical control is expensive, in the number of overseers it requires and in the limits it imposes on the activities of working people. And in the case of an economic unit like a slave plantation, with its vastly-outnumbered overseers, too much control might cause as much unrest as it prevents. It makes better economic sense to find the balance between too much control and too little, and to live with the limits (rebellion, subversive religious and magical practices, escape, clandestine romance and petty economic activities) that this permits. T he most extreme form of resistance is rebellion itself, and there were many rebellions, large and small, among the slaves of the Caribbean. Perhaps one measure of the degree to which economic calculation dominated the logic of plantation slavery is that the possibility of rebellion persisted perhaps it made more economic sense to risk the occasional bloodbath than to exercise the degree of rigorous control that would reduce the risk. Conclusion: The total institution model applies to institutions that function by means of control over the perceptions and sentiments of their inmates, rather than by means of physical force. This paper has argued that the model offers insights into the way in which slave plantation societies functioned, and were able to exercise such cruel authority with recourse to so little active control. The plantation is in fact a good test and confirmation of the model. The power that plantation owners and the government forces that supported them exercised was absolute, but it was not exercised in the form of absolute physical control. This paper has also argued that there are limits to the applicability of the model which reflect the economic motives driving the institution of the plantation. The strength and persistence of the cultural legacy of slavery in syncretic religions, in family structures and of a social order that allowed plantation agriculture to continue after the end of slavery all paint a picture of a complex reality in which the control of the total institution extended no further than was necessary to ensure a profitable sugar industry. The point is that the model of the total institution illuminates general truths about the nature of authority that help explain how and why, once the decision was made to develop Caribbean economies on the basis of slavery was, why the institution of slavery developed developed there as it did, why it persevered, and why in the case of Haiti it was overcome. References Cited Bellegarde-Smith, P. (1990) Haiti: The Breached Citadel. Westview Press. Genovese, Eugene D. (1989) The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South. Middletown,CT: Wesleyan University Press. Goffman, Erving. (1961) Asylums: Essays on the Condition of the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates Marx, Karl John C. Raines (2002) Marx on Religion Editor John C. Raines Philadlphia: Temple University Press, 2002 Momsen, Janet. The Double Paradox, in Gendered Realities: Essays in Caribbean Feminist Thought Editor Patricia Mohammed Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2002 Murrell, Nathaniel Samuel (2000) Dangerous Memories, Underdevelopment, and the Bible in Colonial Caribbean Experience in Religion, culture, and tradition in the Caribbean Authors Editors Hemchand Gossai, Nathaniel Samuel Murrell London: Palgrave Macmillan. Smith, Philip (2008) Punishment and culture Chicago:University of Chicago Press. Wiltshire-Brodber, Rosina (2002) Gender, Race and Class in the Caribbean in Gender in Caribbean Development: Papers presented at the Inaugural Seminar of the University of the West Indies Women and Development Studies Project Edited by Patricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd Kingston:Canoe Press UWI

Plato Essays -- essays research papers

Socrates' ideal city is described through Plato in his work The Republic, some questions pondered through the text could be; How is this an "ideal" city formed, and is justice in the city relative to that of the human soul? I believe Socrates found the true meaning of justice in the larger atmosphere of the city and applied that concept to the human soul. Socrates describes his idea of an "ideal city" as one that has all the necessary parts to function and to show that justice is truly the harmony between the three stages of the city and soul in the human body. Plato introduces the idea of the happiness. Socrates says, "†¦in establishing our city, we aren’t aiming to make any one group outstanding happy but to make the whole city so, as far as possible " (Plato 420b). I agree that in order to examine one thing that is difficult to comprehend, it is wise to look on a larger scale. In this case, Socrates had to examine the difference of a whole city and other concepts of cities in order to determine justice in the world and inner soul. In order to develop the perfect city Socrates had to develop the other ideas that contribute to the "ideal city", the City of Need, and the City of Luxury in order to develop the Perfect City. I believe Socrates in-depth discovery process for the perfect city is a great philosophical look into the idea of justice. Socrates brought up a subject many men at that time would never have thought about and Plato believed that the idea of justice was worthy of writing a literary work to pass his philosophy on to future generations. Since the crucial elements of justice may be easier to observe on the larger scale like a city than on one individual. The focus for Socrates is a perfect city, because the city will represent human soul, Socrates says; "we'll go on to consider it in the individuals, considering the likeness of the bigger in the idea of the littler?"(Plato 369a). Plato's "ideal city" is really the search for the truth of justice, if Socrates were able to find the relationship between the soul and city in his "ideal city" then he would have the true meaning of justice. We saw from the reading how he came about braking down the city's parts and also that of the soul in order to see the reaction between three different regions which Plato and Socrates descri... ...It is fine if you are the upper class, but the guys at the bottom want to achieve success and rise to the top. That is a reason for the American Revolution and all other revolutions that have spurred from the lower class. No one wants to be content with being at the bottom; everyone wants to be at the top. Plato's ideal city would work if people were content with their god given positions. If there is harmony between the groups, then there is happiness, as we see in the soul and city throughout The Republic. However, in real life people find harmony with themselves when they achieve their goals and live a good life. I agree with that philosophy because I also want to achieve more and I am happy when I achieve my goals. No one is truly happy though because people will always want more. I agree that Plato's idea was great and a well-devised plan which provided the basis for many cities that have flourished in the past. However how could one totally agree with a proposal that is fro m so long ago, it is simply outdated in practice but not theory. We can still strive for inner harmony and harmony within a community and society but we must find that harmony through trials of our own.